Authors

Mohammed Zuhair Mala Ali

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Iraq

Abdulrahman Habo Mohammed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Mosul, Iraq

Abstract

This study reviews different (latest) technologies for controlling emissions and enhancing performance in spark-ignition (SI) engines. The primary pollutants—carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2)—are examined, with a focus on fuel system contributions to emissions. Key strategies such as lean combustion, optimized compression ratio, fuel modifications, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), total emissions control packages, and pre-combustion control are discussed.

Additionally, the study reviews the impact of ignition timing on engine performance and emissions. By changing ignition timing at different speeds and designing it for wide-open throttle, key performance parameters such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), torque, and power are analyzed alongside emissions levels. The findings emphasize the relationship between optimal ignition timing and reduced emissions while maximizing performance. This review provides insight into effective approaches for improving SI engine efficiency and reducing environmental impact.

Keywords

Emissions Ignition timing Performance Spark-Ignition Thermal efficiency

Citation of this Article

Mohammed Zuhair Mala Ali, & Abdulrahman Habo Mohammed. (2025). Spark Timing Influence on the Emissions and Performance of Spark Ignition Engines (Review). International Current Journal of Engineering and Science - ICJES, 4(7), 1-17. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.47001/ICJES/2025.407001

Licence Copyright (c) 2026 International Current Journal of Engineering and Science. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International Licence.

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